ZondST3D - 地球物理探测软件

ZondST3D 是地球物探分析软件Zond的模块之一，是一款的三维地震反射软件。

ZondST3D旨在对折射波（陆地井筒和水面变化形式）的地震层析成像数据进行三维解释。

在地球物理学中，长期以来，地震层析成像一词广为人知。这是由于以下事实：地震学的主要问题之一是逆运动学。它在于确定从源到接受其的折射波在已知时间路径上的速度结构。在工程地球物理学中，受欢迎的是交叉孔地震层析成像。该方向用于钻孔间空间中演示速度结构的详细研究。

三维地震层析成像技术着需要大量源和接受器位置的调查。有时痕迹数量达到一万个。但是在情况下，对于三维解释而言，使用在几条平行线上观察到的二维地震层析成像的结果就足够了。

ZondST3d代表了地震层析成像的现成解决方案，解决了从数学建模和质量控制到现场数据处理和解释的广泛问题。方便的界面和数据可视化功能很大程序解决广泛的地质问题。

该软件两个基本模块。次选择地震图。个用于解决地震层析成像的正反问题。

对于地震图处理，开发了的界面，该界面旨在简化和自动进行初次到达采摘的过程。注意数据可视化方式以及对常用功能的访问。

基本功能：

• 在水面和水底的测量。井眼和跨井眼系统。混合系统。

• 64位计算

• 5种型号的缓冲器

• 一组用于速度剖面数学建模的工具

• 几种反演算法：平滑，聚焦，鲁棒，块

• 设置反演的参考模型

• 反演期间的噪声分量的抑制（稳健的加权）

• 反演期间的静态偏移

• 设置模型参数的限制，插入先验地质边界和井眼数据以进行反演。分配基准记录的权重

• 数据，模型和先验信息可视化的几种方法。可以为电阻率部分（地质，地震部分）设置半透明背景。钻孔列编辑器。标题为钻孔。

• 导出为位图和矢量图形格式，Excel，浏览器，AUTOCAD。设置导出图像的比例。打印图像并创建报告。

【英文介绍】

ZondST3d is desined  for three-dimensional interpretation of seismic tomography data on refracted waves (land, cross-borehole and water variants).

In geophysics, the term seismic tomography is known for a long time. This is due to the fact that one of the main problems in seismology - the inverse kinematics. It consists in determining the velocity structure at a known time path of the refracted waves from  source to receiver.  The most popular in engineering geophysics was crosshole Seismotomography. This direction is used for detailed studies of  rocks velocity structure  in the interborehole space.

The technique of three-dimensional seismotomography means special survey with using of great number of sources and receivers positions. Sometimes number of trace is  reach thousand and tens thousand. But in many cases for three-dimensional interpretation it is enough to use the results of a two-dimensional seismotomography observed on several parallel lines.

ZondST3d represents ready solution for seismic tomography, and solves wide range of problems from mathematical modeling and quality control to field data processing and interpretation. Convenient interface and variety of data visualization features allow to solve wide range of geological problems with maximum effectiveness.

The software consists of two basic modules. One for the first times picking on the seismograms. The second is used for solving forward and inverse problems of seismic tomography.

For the seismograms processing developed a special interface designed to simplify and automate the process of first arrivals picking. Special attention is paid to variety ways of data visualization and simple access to frequently used functions.

Solution of forward problem basis on special ray tracing algorithm of graph theory (Shortest path’s method). This algorithm is characterized by a high-speed calculations, and controlled accuracy.

 ZondST3d uses simple and clear data format which allows easily combining various systems of observation, including different variants of the topography setting up and other additional information.

Some variants of three-dimensional model display in the form of various sections and isosurfaces are realized in the program.

Important stage which prevents field measurement is mathematical modeling of velocity structure of work site. Modeling gives a chance to estimate the level of reflected waves first times and to make a choice of optimum parameters of the observation system for decision of formulated geological problem. ZondSt3d has great range of tools for mathematical modeling and analysis of first times field.

 As the general task of the program is inversion of velocity parameters, some variants of inverse problem decision are realized in ZondST3d, basic of them are: smoothing inversion – to get smooth model and focusing — to get  piece-smoothed model of velocities with depth. While program was designed special consideration given to a priori data accounting. Because of equivalence of inverse geophysical problems, quality of the obtained results strongly depends on the amount of a priori data used. In ZondST3d there is possibility of weights setting for measurements, fixing and limits making of changing features of different cells, using of a priori model as reference  in inversion. The robust schemas of noise estimation are realized in the software. There is also possibility to import and display results of measurements by other methods and cross-boreholes data that improved quality of results.